Word Order Relevance

Textbooks and even real native teachers will most likely misinform learners about the so-called S.O.V. (Subject, Object, Verb) word ordering and this accompanied by example sentences incorrectly using the Topic Particle, along with outdated, unnaturally Americanised and over-polite Japanese.

What really makes the difference between the Topic and Subject is that the topic does not relate directly to the verb but instead provides contextual information about what is being said overall; we know that Yuta will make sushi but the topic helps us know that it is tomorrow when it will happen.

This is why the closer a word is to the predicate, the more relevance it has relating to the verb, the main core of any Japanese sentence. The only thing needed to make a complete sentence in Japanese is the Verb and nothing else.

For this reason, placing the less relevant information such as the Topic (information we already know by context) first makes more sense. This is very noticeable in the Proper Noun ordering such as names (family name first then your forename name last) and addresses (Country, Neighborhood, District then Prefecture); less relevant information comes first then the more relevant information last.

the best way to think of this in English is that we will state the most important information first then make our way outwards, for example "[I watched => a film] => at a friends house => last week". The only bit of information that is relevant here is "watched a film", the rest just makes a comment about it. This is also why it's so easy for people to cut you off mid-sentence.

However, in Japanese, this is the opposite with the less important information coming first except for the topic and subject then making our way inwards: "Last week => at a friends house => [a film => I watched]". This also makes it very difficult to be cut-off by someone as they need to wait to hear what actually happened first.

先週は私が友達の家で映画を観ました

senshuu wa [watashi ga] tomodachi no ie de [eiga o mimashita]

Last week, [I], at a friend's house, [a film, watched]

While word order is not as important in Japanese as it may be in other languages like English, word order affects where the emphasis in a sentence lies and this will help you sound more natural when you learn from hearing more real native Japanese being used. Continue to broaden your research and listen to how real Japanese native people speak.